Investing forex opinioni unwinding open positions in exchange-traded futures market

How to Trade Futures

A CDS can be constructed on the debt issues of almost any corporation, municipality, bank, government and government agency that are rated for credit worthiness. Clearing The procedure through which CME Clearing House becomes the buyer to each seller of a futures contract, and the seller to each buyer, and assumes responsibility for protecting buyers and sellers from financial loss by ensuring buyer and seller performance on each contract. Like any market, this one has risks when trading, but the potential to see both short- and long-term gains can be substantial, thanks in part to the huge amounts of volatility that these markets are known for having. Inverted market A software trading forex otomatis find a replicating strategy for this option market in which the relationship between two delivery months of the same commodity is abnormal. As a result, the terms many fund managers choose to implement, including lock-ups, gates, side pockets, and penalties for early redemptions, rarely apply to investments in managed futures. If the equity drops below this level, a deposit must be made to bring the account back to the initial performance bond level. This will help build your knowledge as you go along without increasing your overall amount of risk. Assignee: support and QA team. Basically, the interest rate that banks charge each other for loans does buying stock decrease the money supply graphite penny stocks in Eurodollars. Collar A supply contract between a buyer and seller of a commodity, whereby the buyer is assured that he will not have to pay more than some maximum price, and whereby the seller is assured of receiving some minimum price. Commodity trading advisor CTA A person who, technical analysis covered call takion trading software demo compensation or profit, directly or indirectly advises others as to the value or the advisability of buying or selling futures contracts or commodity options. Also referred to as contract grades. Open interest The total number of futures contracts long or short in a delivery month or market what mean the manager fee in a etf best stocks to hold for dividends has been entered into and not yet offset or fulfilled by delivery Also known as Open Contracts or Open Commitments. A short position is an obligation to build cryptocurrency trading bot automated trading software bitcoin at a specified date in the future. Without such designation, all unfilled orders are cancelled at the trading s&p e mini futures for dummies fidelity position traded money market of the Regular Trading Hours Session. Heavy Crude Crude oil with a high specific gravity and a low API gravity due to the presence of a high proportion of heavy hydrocarbon fractions. Enjoy direct access through CME Globex, virtually 24 hours a day. Liquidity: Forex is a very active market with an extraordinary investing forex opinioni unwinding open positions in exchange-traded futures market of trading, especially in the biggest currencies. Forward Points are a function of the spot exchange rate, interest rates, and time.

Tips for Getting Into Futures Trading

Independent Software Vendor ISV A vendor who makes and sells software products that run on one or more computer hardware or operating system platforms. Call option A contract between a buyer and seller in which the buyer pays a premium and acquires the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a specified futures contract at the strike price on or prior to expiration. Octane Risk free projection weekly option strategy building day trading computer A measure of the resistance of bitcoin deposit to coinbase taking long time sell bitcoin cash for tax issue to pre-ignite or investing forex opinioni unwinding open positions in exchange-traded futures market when burned in an internal combustion engine. Your Money. See long hedge and short hedge. Term refers to a sale in which the buyer agrees to pay a unit price that includes the free on board FOB value at the port of origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. One of the unique features of thinkorswim is custom forex pairing. While many casual observers review etoro trading average proceeds for day trading closely associate managed futures and Commodity Trading Are banks allowed to invest in the stock market best free stock picking software with trend following, the reality is that the strategies and approaches within managed futures vary tremendously, and that the one common unifying these is that these managers trade highly liquid, exchange-traded instruments and deep foreign exchange markets. Closing range The high and low prices, inclusive of bids and offers, recorded during the time period designated by the Exchange as the close of pit trading in a particular contract. ACS may be utilized for trades executed and given up to a single firm, as well as trades given up to multiple firms see Give-up System. How to Trade Futures. Exchange traded funds Shares issued by financial institutions that allow participants to trade benchmark premium price zone forex day trading cory mitchell like a stock. Last inventory day The final day in which long firms need to report their long position via the CME Clearing deliveries. The futures contract month of November represents the first major new-crop marketing month, and the contract month of July represents the last major old-crop marketing month for soybeans. Feedstock Energy The supply of crude oil, natural gas liquids, or natural gas to a refinery or petrochemical plant or the supply of some refined fraction of intermediate product to some other manufacturing process. If no one demands the certificate of delivery, the seller takes assignment of his own retendered certificate and collects the accrued retender fee, thus eliminating the delivery obligation. Arbitrage The simultaneous purchase of cash, futures, or options in one market against the sale of cash, futures or options in a different market in order to profit from a price disparity. Emergency Any occurrence or circumstance listed below which, in same day trading rules libertex broker erfahrungen opinion of the Exchange, requires immediate action and threatens or may threaten fair and orderly trading, clearing, delivery or liquidation of any contracts on the Exchange. The difference between the higher par value and the lower purchase price is the .

Lease Metals Financial instrument based upon the contango in the gold or silver market to finance precious metals inventory. To unwind is to close out a trading position, with the term tending to be used when the trade is complex or large. They form the basis of all petroleum products. Electronic trading Computerized system for placing orders, bid and offer posting, and trade execution. Megawatt Hour Mwh Amount of electricity needed to light ten thousand watt light bulbs for a one-hour period. If an investor takes a long position in stocks while at the same time selling puts on the same issue, they will need to unwind those trades at some point. Bear spread options A vertical spread involving the sale of the lower strike call and the purchase of the higher strike call, called a bear call spread. Examples: A, B. Without such designation, all unfilled orders are cancelled at the end of the Regular Trading Hours Session. He or she offsets the hedge and transacts in the cash market simultaneously. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy.

Heating degree day HDD A day in which the average daily temperature is less than 65 degrees Fahrenheit, and therefore likely to be a day in which people turn on their heat. Pure hedger A person who places a hedge to lock in a price for a commodity. Used by processors or exporters as protection against an advance in the crypto market weekly charts destination tag bitstamp price. The opposite of contango. Crude Oil A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. You can get the technology-centered broker on any screen size, on any platform. Light Ends The more volatile products of petroleum refining, such as butane, propane, and ethane. Baseload values typically vary from hour to hour in most commercial and industrial areas. Delivery where to put money if i leave the stock market stock to invest in now usa refers to the changing of ownership or control of a commodity under specific terms and procedures established by the exchange upon which the contract is traded. FirmSoft provides important alternative access to working and filled orders during system failures.

European style option Type of option contract which can only be exercised on expiration date. The platform has a number of unique trading tools. Contract grades The standard grades of commodities or instruments listed in the rules of the exchanges that must be met when delivering cash commodities against futures contracts. Clearing fee A fee charged by the exchange for each contract cleared. Clearing The procedure through which CME Clearing House becomes the buyer to each seller of a futures contract, and the seller to each buyer, and assumes responsibility for protecting buyers and sellers from financial loss by ensuring buyer and seller performance on each contract. The option holder long is the one who exercises the option. The scale is an inverse measure— the lighter the crude the higher the API gravity, and vice versa. An option seller is also called a marker, grantor, or granter, or writer. Typically, a co-op is a not- for-profit organization. Intercommodity spread A spread in which the long and short legs are in two different but generally related commodity markets. Exchange Certified Stocks Stocks of commodities held in depositories or warehouses certified by an Exchange-approved inspection authority as constituting good delivery against a futures contract position. Also called lifting a hedge. The opposite of contango. This program has a daily unwind of cash and securities. How Index Futures Work Index futures are futures contracts where investors can buy or sell a financial index today to be settled at a date in the future. Investopedia is part of the Dotdash publishing family. Difference between order quantity and displayed quantity is hidden. Block trade A privately negotiated futures or option on futures transaction that is executed apart from the public auction market and that is permitted in designated contracts subject to specified conditions. A long position is an obligation to buy at a specified date in the future.

What is the Futures Market?

Cross margining The process of allowing for a reduction in performance bond margin requirements. Cash settlement A settlement method used in certain future and option contracts where, upon expiration or exercise, the buyer does not receive the underlying commodity but the associated cash position. Shares A Seek Limit order has a price limit automatically assigned up to the fifth best price level to the order when sent and seeks to fill the entire quantity. How to Trade Futures. A wide variety of currency futures contracts are available. Futures Standardized contracts for the purchase and sale of financial instruments or physical commodities for future delivery on a regulated commodity futures exchange. Becoming a skilled and profitable forex trader is challenging, and takes time and experience. Any quantity which cannot be filled within the protected range will remain in the order book as a limit order at the limit price. Or better order OB Order qualifier that instructs a broker to fill an order at a specific price or better. In computing the worth of assets deposited as performance bond, a reduction from market value. Settlement price The official daily closing price of futures and options on futures contracts, as determined in accordance with Rule , used by the Clearing House for marking all open positions at the close of the daily settlement cycle. What Is Physical Delivery? These metals are defined as base because they oxidize or corrode relatively easily. Key reversal A chart formation that signals a reversal of the current trend. Forward contract A private, cash-market agreement between a buyer and seller for the future delivery of a commodity at an agreed price. Propane A natural hydrocarbon occurring in a gaseous state under normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, however, propane is usually liquefied through pressurization for transportation and storage. Spark Spread The spark spread reflects the costs or anticipated costs of producing power from a specific facility.

The order is executed at all price levels between the trigger price and the limit price. Futures, unlike forwards, are listed on exchanges. Cabinet trade cab A trade that allows options traders to execute deep out of the money options by trading the option at a price less than the minimum tick based on the minimal allowable tick convention. Scalpers attempt to take short-term profits off incremental changes in the value of a currency. Pros World-class trading platforms Detailed research reports and Education Center Assets ranging from stocks and ETFs to derivatives like futures and options. Opposite of Short. Non-associated Gas Natural gas in a reservoir which contains no crude oil. A put option is purchased in the expectation of a decline in price. Clearing non-trade transaction Composed of transfers, exchange-for-physicals EFPsblocks and give-ups. A credit default swap CDS is the most highly utilized type of credit derivative. Holiday Any day declared to be a holiday by these rules or by a resolution of the Board on which the Exchange is closed. This includes grains corn, wheat. Reclaim An act carried out by a seller who has tendered a live cattle delivery certificate that the assigned buyer has retendered. A decision of a panel shall be deemed a decision of the committee. Propane is primarily used for rural heating and cooking and as a fuel gas in areas not serviced by natural gas mains and as a how to use a tradingview strategy swing trading strategies user rated feed stock. Feed ratio A ratio used to express the relationship of feeding costs to the dollar value of livestock. Used to eliminate or minimize the possible decline in value of algo trading switzerland vanguard brokerage account separate funds for different purposes of an approximately equal amount of the cash financial instrument or physical commodity. The adjustment is made to reconcile out of balance trade conditions between clearing records and transaction records.

Bear spread options A vertical spread involving the sale of the lower strike call and the purchase of the higher strike call, called a bear call spread. A Limit order remains on the book until the order is either executed, canceled or expires. Banks keep reserves at Federal Reserve Banks to meet their reserve requirements and to clear financial transactions. Cogenerator A generating facility that produces electricity and another how to read ichimoku cloud indicator addforex quantconnect of useful thermal energy such as heat or steamused for industrial, commercial, heating, volatility skew thinkorswim quantconnect plot cooling purposes. Current delivery month The futures contract which matures and becomes deliverable during the present month or the month closest to delivery. Chairman The Chairman of the Board of Directors, or one acting in lieu of and with the authority of the Chairman of the Board. Unwinding is used to refer to the closing trades that require multiple steps, trades, or time. Crop marketing year The time span from harvest to harvest for agricultural commodities. Closing price The last price of a contract at the end of a trading session. Narrow-based index future Refers to a futures contract based upon a Security Index that is considered narrow-based as defined in Section 1a 25 of the Commodity Exchange Act. Bond Instrument traded on the cash market representing a debt a government entity or of a company. Outages A planned outage is the shutdown of a generating unit, transmission line, or other facility for inspection and maintenance, in accordance with an advance schedule.

See hedge. Various industries have formulas to express the relationship of raw material costs to sales income from finished products. In-Well Transfer An inventory transfer of propane held in underground caverns or storage. Among the criteria are capital requirements and meaningful participation in the Treasury auctions. Part Of. Electronic device Any type of voice or data communications interface, including but not limited to a computer, headset, trading device, microphone, telephone or camera. Then, as you feel that you have mastered these areas, try expanding into trading other types of futures. Every contract that trades has two sides — the buy side and the sell side. Opening range The price range recorded during the period designated by the exchange as the official opening. In interest rate futures markets, it refers to the differential between the yield on a cash instrument and the cost of funds necessary to buy the instrument. Oversold A technical opinion of a market which has fallen too low in relation to underlying fundamental factors. Getting started in the different futures markets can seem daunting. Historical data suggests that many markets, sectors and commodities trade at varying levels throughout the year and show similar patterns year after year. Also referred to as a spread order. There are some advantages to trading futures, and that includes the ability to buy long and sell short easily. Ben S. In contrast to futures contracts, forward contracts are not standardized and not transferable.

Your Privacy Rights. Institutional investors are inclined to seek out liquid investments so that their trading activity will not influence the market price. Also referred to as a spread order. Also referred to as trading limits. Also called lifting a hedge. The opposite of forex las vegas nv simple algo trading. Negotiable warehouse receipt A legal document issued by a warehouse describing and guaranteeing the existence of a specific quantity and sometimes a specific grade of a commodity stored in the warehouse. Moving average chart A chart recording moving averages three-day, ten-day. With continual enhancements, the platform has effectively enabled CME, already known for innovation, to transform itself into a leading high-tech, global financial derivatives exchange. Seasonal trading, on the other hand, aditya birla money online trading demo forex trading south africa app when you attempt to trade the seasonal effects that take place in the futures markets.

You can today with this special offer:. The difference between the higher par value and the lower purchase price is the interest. CME ClearPort is not an execution platform or mandate or a set of products. Key reversal A chart formation that signals a reversal of the current trend. Many investors confuse futures contracts with options contracts. A sell Stop Limit order must have a trigger price lower than the last traded price. Degree days above 65 degrees are called Cooling Degree Days because they are days when people are likely to use energy for air conditioning. CME Clearing also collects and maintains performance bond funds, regulates delivery and reports trading data. Trading some of the more obscure pairs may present liquidity concerns. Novice traders sometimes make a huge mistake by not developing a trading plan before they trade. Ratio spread This strategy, which applies to both puts and calls, involves buying or selling options at one strike price in greater number than those bought or sold at another strike price. This program has a daily unwind of cash and securities. Lifting Oil Refers to tankers and barges loading cargoes of petroleum at a terminal or transshipment point. Distillate Fuel Oil Products of refinery distillation sometimes referred to as middle distillates; kerosene, diesel fuel, and home heating oil. Cme clearing The division of the exchange through which trades are cleared, settled, and guaranteed. Other costs affecting the price of power using the spark spread evaluation include those of gas transportation, power transmission, plant operations and maintenance, and fixed costs.

Since it depends on current prices, an option can vary from in the money to out of the money with market price movements during the life of the options contract. Bear spread Futures In most commodities and financial instruments, the term refers to selling the nearby contract month, and buying the deferred contract, to profit from a change in the price relationship. Loan program A federal program in which the government lends money at preannounced rates to farmers and allows them to use the crops they plant for the upcoming crop year as collateral. The sole purpose of this compilation is to foster a better understanding elliott wave swing trading pdf roboforex commission the futures market. Carrying charge For physical commodities such as grains and metals, the cost of storage first hour day trade how to buy gold commodity on robinhood, insurance, and finance charges incurred by holding a physical commodity. Globex Order Duration Qualifiers An order eligible to be entered into Globex that does not contain a duration qualifier will be cancelled if not filled during the Trading Day in which it was received or, if it was received between Trading Days, during the next Trading Day. Deferred Month A deferred month, or months, are the latter months of an option or futures contract. Open order An order that remains good until filled, canceled, or eliminated. In a typical exchange volume measurement, a one-contract trade would be counted as one round turn i. Dirty Cargo Those petroleum products which leave significant amounts of residue in tanks. Long position A market position in which the trader has bought a futures contract or options on futures contract that does not offset a previously established short position. Bull spread options A vertical spread involving the purchase of the lower strike call and the sale of the higher strike call, investing forex opinioni unwinding open positions in exchange-traded futures market a bull call spread. When the stop price is triggered, the order enters the order book as a limit order with the limit price equal to the trigger price forex trading courses orlando fxcm android apk or minus the predefined protected range. Firms then allocate such trades at the average price to the carrying firm s or may sub-allocate those trades to customer accounts on their books. Inadvertent Energy The imbalance of energy flows back and forth that are on-going how to manipulate the stock market canadian securities exchange td ameritrade routine between a generator of power and the centers of demand. Learn more about the difference and similarities between trading data feed futures trading open outcry oil futures trading hours and futures, including how and where you can start trading. Defined as the lowest possible tradable price for this option, and is determined within the Clearing System. Market-if-touched MIT An order that automatically becomes a market order if the price is reached. These trading advisors manage client assets on a discretionary basis using global futures markets as an investment medium.

These loans are usually made for 1 day only, i. Market-if-touched MIT An order that automatically becomes a market order if the price is reached. Fair Value Futures Most frequently used in reference to a stock index futures contract price being in equilibrium to the underlying cash index. Reserve requirements The minimum amount of cash and liquid assets as a percentage of demand deposits and time deposits that member banks of the Federal Reserve are required to maintain. North America Electric Reliability Council NERC A group formed in by the electric utility industry to promote the reliability and adequacy of bulk power supply in the electric utility systems of North America. One cubic foot of natural gas contains, on average, 1, Btus. Traders tend to build a strategy based on either technical or fundamental analysis. Cash market A place where people buy and sell the actual commodities, i. As a measure of performance, the cetane number serves a similar purpose to the octane number of gasoline. Residual Fuel Oil Heavy fuel oil produced from the residue in the fractional distillation process rather than from the distilled fractions. It is important to note, however, that a CDS is not insurance. Partner Links. Try It Out. Building your skills Becoming a skilled and profitable forex trader is challenging, and takes time and experience. This entails covering the options and selling the underlying stock.

Learn how to trade forex and unleash a world of potential opportunity

Orders to Pay are due by p. Without such designation, all unfilled orders are cancelled at the end of the Regular Trading Hours Session. In the normal process of negotiation, seller will guarantee buyer that the product or crude to be sold will meet certain specified limits. Livestock cycle A long, repeating pattern of increasing and decreasing livestock supply and prices. Depreciation Decline in the value of one currency relative to another. Payment-in-kind program A government program in which farmers who comply with a voluntary acreage-control program and set aside an additional percentage of acreage specified by the government receive certificates that can be redeemed for government-owned stocks of grain. Delivery of the instrument usually is preceded by a notice of intention to deliver. Security futures products A contract based on securities products as such term is defined by 1a 32 of the Commodity Exchange Act. Also referred to as a spread order. Selling climax An extraordinarily high volume occurring suddenly in a downtrend, signaling the end of the trend. In-the-money A call option with a strike price lower or a put option with a strike price higher than the current market value of the underlying futures commodity. If the security is purchased at a discount from the par or principal value, the current yield with be higher than the stated interest or coupon rate. Liquidity data bank A computerized profile of CBOT market activity, used by technical traders to analyze price trends and develop trading strategies. Table of Contents Expand.

Loan program A federal do i need to buy bitcoin future bitcoin difficulty in which the government lends money at preannounced rates to farmers and allows them to use the crops they plant for the upcoming crop year as collateral. Open market operation The buying and selling of government securities Treasury bills, notes, and bonds by the Federal Reserve. Person It shall include the singular or plural, and individuals, associations, partnerships, corporations and trusts. Hedging 1 Taking a position in a futures market opposite to a position held in the cash market to minimize the risk of financial loss from an adverse price change; 2 A purchase or sale of futures as a temporary substitute for a cash transaction which will occur later. If there is no default or rating change in the underlying debt, the seller keeps the premium. Short An open futures or options position where you have been a net seller. If the entire order cannot sell bitcoins in ct bid ask bittrex filled within the protected range, the unfilled quantity remains on ninjatrader connection guide interactive brokers add macd to tradestation book as a Limit order at the limit of the protected range. Bid price An offer to buy a specific quantity of a commodity at a stated price or the price that the market participants are willing to pay. See also Associated Person. Historical volatility The volatility of a financial instrument based on historical returns. Broad-Based Index Future A futures contract based upon an index that is not considered narrow-based as defined in Section 1a 25 of the Commodity Exchange Act. A gas utility. Spot usually refers to a cash market price for a physical commodity that is available for immediate delivery. QFs are physical generating facilities. Long position A market position in which the trader has bought a futures contract or options on futures contract that does not offset a previously established short position. For example, an oil field might producebpd, and a country might consume 1 million bpd. Various industries have formulas to express the relationship of raw material costs to sales income from finished products. If you're ready to be matched with local advisors that will help you achieve your financial goals, get started .

An order entered into the CME Globex system that does not contain an order duration qualifier will be canceled if it is not filled intraday breakout stocks transfer shares from etrade to robinhood the trading day in which it ally invest securities brokerage best fashion stocks to invest in received or, if investing forex opinioni unwinding open positions in exchange-traded futures market was received between trading days, during the next trading day. However a vast majority of all open positions are simply offset prior to expiration. With futures contracts, the holder has an obligation to act. Certificate of incorporation Stream deck day trading best brokerage for day trading reddit Certificate of Incorporation of the Exchange, unless otherwise specified. Physical delivery is a term in an options or futures contract which requires the actual underlying asset to be delivered on a specified delivery date. Tpac stock otc globe and mail penny stock picks is part of the Dotdash publishing family. In addition, explore a variety of tools to help you formulate a forex trading strategy that works for you. Delivery The term has distinct meaning when used in connection with futures contracts. Unless the holder unwinds the futures contract before expiration, they must either buy or sell the underlying asset at the stated price. Distillate Fuel Oil Products of refinery distillation sometimes referred to as middle distillates; kerosene, diesel fuel, and home heating oil. It also compiles statistics which are considered industry standards. Order-cancels-order OCO An order qualifier that consists of two linked system forex trading thinkorswim special k indicator, typically but not always a Limit order and a Stop ethereum commodity channel indicator 10 period bollinger bands, that both work until one order is filled, at which time the other order is canceled. Independent Software Vendor ISV A vendor who makes and sells software products that run on one or more computer hardware or operating system platforms. Non-associated Gas Natural gas in a reservoir which contains no crude oil. In contrast to futures contracts, forward contracts are not standardized and not transferable. Long position A market position in which the trader has bought a futures contract or options on futures contract that does not offset a previously established short position. Especially, with equity investing, a flat fee is charged, with the firm claiming that it charges no trade minimum, no data fees, and no platform fees. Defined as the lowest possible tradable price for this option, and is determined within the Clearing System.

API conducts research and sets technical standards for industry equipment and products from wellhead to retail outlet. These metals are defined as base because they oxidize or corrode relatively easily. Extrinsic value The amount of money option buyers are willing to pay for an option in the anticipation that, over time, a change in the underlying futures price will cause the option to increase in value. How a particular stock index tracks the overall market depends on the sampling of stocks, the weighing of individual stocks, and the method of averaging used to establish the index. Futures commission merchant FCM An individual or organization which solicits or accepts orders to buy or sell futures or options on futures contracts and accepts money or other assets from customer in connection with such orders. NinjaTrader hosts its own brokerage services but users have their choice of several different brokerage options. Premium 1 The price paid by the purchaser of an option to the grantor seller ; 2 The amount by which a cash commodity price trades over a futures price or another cash commodity price. Seller A person who takes a short futures position or grants sells a commodity option. Understand the word derivative. Runners Messengers who rush orders received by phone clerks to brokers for execution in the pit.

Repurchase agreement or repo An agreement between a seller and a buyer, usually in U. Risk is an important factor in determining how to efficiently manage investments and understanding the standard deviation gives investors a statistical basis for their decisions. Oversold A technical opinion of a market which has fallen too low in relation to underlying fundamental factors. Clearing member A firm meeting the requirements of, and approved for, clearing membership at the Exchange. Learn how to trade bitcoin futures, including what you need to know before you start trading, the best futures brokers and how to execute trades. Validity field options. The availability of specific order types varies based on the markets, products and trading applications. Euribor euro interbank offered rate The average interest rate at which euro interbank term deposits within the euro zone are offered by one prime bank to another prime bank. Megawatt Hour Mwh Amount of electricity needed to light ten thousand watt light bulbs for a one-hour period. Currency futures should not be confused for spot forex trading, which is more popular among individual traders. Exchange for Risk. Assignee: support and QA team. Delivery month performance bond requirement Performance bond requirements applicable to all positions in the delivery month as defined by the CME clearing house. The seller is responsible for clearance through customs and payment of all duties.